Objective: Poor Medication adherence, drug interactions, and adverse drug events occur frequently in patients with Bipolar I disorder (BD-I), affecting their treatment outcomes. Due to limited research regarding the impact of pharmaceutical care (PC) services in the management of patients with BD-I, this study was designed to assess the role of clinical pharmacist-led interventions on outcomes of BD-I patients. Methods: A prospective randomized clinical trial was designed, and 59 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 48 patients to the control group. Patients in the intervention group were provided with Medication therapy management and follow-up services by the clinical pharmacist, whereas the control group only received routine care. Outcomes which were assessed at baseline (before discharge), 1 month, and 3 months after discharge were the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Young Mania Rating Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life, Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF). Findings: Endpoint mean changes in MAI scores from baseline were −5. 25 ± 5. 19 and 2. 02 ± 3. 98 points for the intervention and control groups, respectively (P < 0. 001). Depressive symptoms, measured by the BDI-II, also showed significant improvement in the intervention group,the mean change from baseline to 2nd follow-up assessment was −1. 47 ± 7. 73 in the intervention group and 1. 66 ± 6. 42 in the control group (P = 0. 02). Furthermore, the mean change from baseline to 2nd follow-up in the psychological health domain of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was significantly higher in the intervention group (4. 59 ± 17. 79) compared with the control group (−3. 90 ± 12. 55) (P = 0. 005). Conclusion: Our findings reveal that clinical pharmacist-provided services could positively affect outcomes in BD-I patients.

Purpose: Medication errors (MEs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, yet they have remained as confusing and underappreciated concept. The complex pharmacotherapy in hospitalized patients necessitates continued report and surveillance of MEs as well as persistent pharmaceutical care. This study evaluated the frequency, types, clinical significance, and costs of MEs in internal medicine wards. Methods: In this 8-month prospective and cross-sectional study, an attending clinical pharmacist visited the patients during each physician’ s ward round at the morning. All MEs including prescription, transcription, and administration errors were detected, recorded, and subsequently appropriate corrective interventions were proposed during these rounds. The changes in the Medications’ cost after implementing clinical pharmacist’ s interventions were compared to the calculated Medications’ cost, assuming that the MEs would not have been detected by clinical pharmacist and continued up to discharge time of the patients. Results: 89% of the patients experienced at least one ME during their hospitalization. A mean of 2. 6 errors per patient or 0. 2 errors per ordered Medication occurred in this study. More than 70% of MEs happened at the prescription stage by treating physicians. The most prevalent prescription errors were inappropriate drug selection, unauthorized drugs and untreated indication. The highest MEs occurred on cardiovascular agents followed by antibiotics, and vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes. The net effect of clinical pharmacist’ s contributions in Medication therapy management was to decline Medications’ costs by 33. 9%. Conclusion: The role of clinical pharmacy services in detection, prevention and reducing the cost of MEs is of paramount importance to internal medicine wards.

Background & Objective: Medication errors are among the most serious problems affecting health systems worldwide. Pharmacists have an essential role in detecting and reducing these errors. So they should have the vital competencies. Materials & Methods: An online course was created and uploaded to the Syrian Virtual University platform. After participants electronic registered, the course was presented in 3 modules, each lasting 7 days, making the total course was 21 days long. Subsequently, a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design was conducted on 11 students. Data for both tests and questionnaire at the end of the course were collected using Google Forms™ links to evaluate students' responses and learning. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Before the intervention, the mean and standard deviations of 11 participants' results were 55. 27 ± 15. 61, compared to 81. 36 ± 14. 63 after the intervention. There is a significant difference between the average grades before and after implementing the course (p = 0. 003). There were no statistically significant differences between the average grades of students after taking the online course and their academic year (p = 0. 273) or gender (p = 0. 059). The overall evaluation of the course was positive. Conclusion: The course has been efficient and positively received by students with its significant impact on developing students’ competencies that will allow them to work professionally after graduation and reduce Medication errors

Background: Critically ill patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk of drug-related problems (DRPs), clinical pharmacists are specifically trained in pharmacotherapy evaluations with the abilities to identify and manage drug-related complications. This study aims to identify areas where clinical pharmacists can be effective in the ICU. The primary outcomes of this study were determining the clinical aspect of clinical pharmacists in the ICU, type, and number of clinical pharmacist interventions. Methods: This was a prospective, interventional study in a teaching hospital in Iran. A clinical pharmacist was dedicated to implement comprehensive Medication management (CMM),All Pharmacotherapy Problems were categorized. Results: During the monitoring of 162 patients by the clinical pharmacist, 1524 interventions were conducted. The most frequent pharmacotherapy-related problems identified were drug selection (33. 3%), dose adjustment (17. 3%), and fluid and electrolyte management (12. 9%). Conclusion: clinical pharmacists’,interventions could reduce the rate of DRPs by pharmacotherapy evaluation and may have important role in many aspects of patient’, s management.